Monday, August 18, 2008
Forensic Blood Analysis - How Do CSI's Know If They Are Dealing With Blood?
Whenever a bloodlike stain is found at the scene of a crime, the forensic scientist must conduct two basic kinds of tests: presumptive and confirmatory. The reason presumptive tests are conducted first is because they are more cost-efficient than the more cumbersome confirmatory tests.
What is a presumptive test?
Presumptive tests for blood can be found in two broad categories: those that change color, and those that cause a glowing reaction.
Presumptive tests that depend on a color change involve the following:
- Leucomalachite green (LMG) color test: This chemical reagent has been around since the early part of the 20th century and undergoes a chemical interaction with blood, yielding a characteristic green color.
- Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) color test: At a crime scene, a CSI technician swabs a suspected bloodstain with a moistened Q-tip and then applies it to a Hemastix strip containing TMB. A Hemastix strip is a dip stick used to test for the presence of blood. If the Hemastix strip turns blue-green, it might be blood.
- Kastle-Meyer color test: Phenolphthalein is the active chemical reagent in this particular test. When blood, hydrogen peroxide, and phenolphthalein are mixed together, a dark pink color results. This color change is due to the hemoglobin (the oxygen-containing molecule within red blood cells) causing a chemical reaction between hydrogen peroxide and phenolphthalein.
Other tests depend on chemical reactions that cause blood to fluoresce, or glow, under an ultraviolet light source, uncovering blood that is invisible to the naked eye. Offenders many times try to scrub walls and floors clean, mistakenly taking for granted that if blood is not visible, it can not be found. Fortunately, that is not the case. At the scene of a crime, blood can show up by spraying a fluorescent chemical over the area suspected of containing blood. The lights are dimmed, and ultraviolet light is passed over the area, causing bloodstains to fluoresce in the dark just like you see on CSI. Not only is the presence of blood established, but the area of blood distribution is also clearly indicated. This is where blood spurts, drag marks, spatter, footprints, and handprints show up.
The actors you see on CSI use fluorescent chemicals to get the blood to reveal itself. The most common fluorescent chemicals used are luminol and fluorescein.
- Luminol--Luminol is highly sensitive and may reveal blood that is present in minute quantities. Luminol is able to expose blood in places that have been cleaned repeatedly unless a solvent such as bleach was used, and even on walls that have been painted to hide blood. In spite of the fact that it can negatively impact some serologic testing processes, luminol does not affect subsequent blood typing or DNA analysis.
- Fluorescein--Fluorescein has been around since the early part of the 20th century. This compound does not interact with bleach the way luminol does. Fluorescein is better used over luminol for exposing bloodstains that have been cleaned up using solvents such as bleach. Fluorescein is advantageous in that it is thicker than luminol and drips less, therefore, sticks to vertical surfaces much better than luminol.
What is a confirmatory test?
Teichmann and Takayama tests are the most commonly used confirmatory tests. Both tests depend on a chemical reaction between a reagent and hemoglobin. This reaction yields crystals, which then can be seen under a microscope. A considerable benefit of these tests is that they are more effective with aged stains.
The next time you watch your favorite forensic science/detective show like NCIS or CSI, you will have a clearer understanding of the chemicals used in exposing blood at a crime scene.
Fabiola Castillo is an online marketer for the website NinjaCOPS SuperStore. This virtual store specializes in personal defense products where you can buy the best pepper spray, kubatons keychains, hidden video spy surveillance cameras, nunchaku training videos, civilian Tasers, expandable steel batons, and many other home security products.
Extra Cash - 3 Ways To Make $1,000 Or More Per Month On The Internet Working Part-Time
You can't escape the hype surrounding the home business revolution these days. It seems more and more people are starting Internet businesses, selling stuff online and becoming online entrepreneurs. Well, looking to make some extra cash every month? Then an Internet business or online job is one of the most effective and least risky ways to achieve that!
Here are 3 ways to make $1,000 or more every month on the Internet:
1. Online Auctions
Ebay is a hotbed of ecommerce activity and rightly so. It is the number one Internet auction site on the planet with millions of dollars worth of goods being traded everyday. Think you can grab a share of that pie? Yes! What you'd want to do so you don't have to buy an inventory is to find a dropshipper. A dropshipper basically ships the products out on your behalf while you pocket the profits! Finding reliable dropshippers can be difficult, but one place to find good dropshippers is at the Worldwide Brands website.
2. Freelancing
Can you write? Or maybe you can create some of the best graphic designs at your workplace? Got a passion for programming? Then you can make some nice extra cash every month through freelancing! Companies are outsourcing more these days and are hiring more and more freelancers. In other words, the market is booming. Get in as fast as you can.
3. Online Surveys
Online surveys are also a big thing these days. But most people don't make more than a few dollars per month and soon give up. The trick with online surveys is to participate in as many as you can! After all, most of them are free to participate in. In the time it takes for an average person to complete an 8 hour work day, you can make up to twice what he made by just completing fun and easy surveys!
Fabian Tan is the author of the free 51-Page Report:
"Murder Your Job: How To Build Cash Sucking Autopilot Businesses In 30 Days Or Less!"
Head over to http://www.MurderYourJob.com to get your free copy now before it's gone!
Basics of Internet Marketing - Easy to Follow Steps Anyone Can Follow
Internet marketing is one of the easiest online businesses to get into, and yet many people just sit around and hope and dream that they can break into it. They may have many grand ideas, perhaps even created a product to sell, and yet never begin marketing because of a lack of understanding of one basic step.
So how do you do it?
1) You must have a product. You can create one, or you can market someone elses. If you already have a great idea, act on it and simply create the product. If you do not, find someone elses product to market. That may not be exactly what you want to do long-term, but it gives you the option of being able to get started online marketing fast. While you are selling theirs, you can begin to create your own.
2) You must have a web site. If you are hesitant to create a web site because you cannot program, hire someone to do it for you. Another suggestion is to simply use a site builder program that basically gives you professionally designed web site templates, and you can customize them any way you want, without any programming skills necessary.
3) You must have an auto responder. With an auto responder, you will be able to add visitors to a mailing list if they do not purchase your product the first time they go to your web site. Most people will not buy from you the first time the see your site; by having a mailing list and an auto responder, you can continue sending them to your website.
4) You must be willing to work hard and long, with the attitude that you will do whatever it takes to succeed. This step is one I often see missing from other lists of things to do to become successful online. If it were extremely easy, everybody would be making it happen online, and it wouldnt pay as well. That is just simple supply and demand economics. You must work hard, test everything you do, and simply be determined that if something doesnt work, you will try something else.
Do you want to discover the secret to generating over $180,356 per year online?
Download this: How to Make 6 Figures Online
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Sean Mize is an internet marketing strategist who teaches internet marketers how to increase their income by creating high ticket classes and coaching programs.
The One Equation That You Need to Know to Achieve Online Business Success
Are you still struggling to make any significant profits online? Here is an equation that will solve this problem...
If there is one equation that will define your online success, it is this:
Traffic + Conversions = Profits
If you master traffic generation and conversions, you will be on your way to becoming an online earning machine.
When you boil down Internet marketing to its core, those two things are the key components. You need traffic, or you won't have customers. You need to convert your traffic to make sales!
Let's say the highest conversion rate you can achieve is 10%. If you only get 50 visitors a day, that's still 5 sales. But if you get 100 visitors, that's double your sales and profits.
If your conversion rate was 5% and you're getting 50 visitors, you can also double your sales and profits by getting conversion rates of 10%.
Did you know the difference between 6% and 3% conversion rates is 100% in profits?
That's right! If you have a $10 product, you would make $60 from 100 visitors and $30 from 30 visitors; that's a difference of 100%!
Now you see why conversions are important? Just by changing the words or layout of your page, you can see an increase of 100% in profits.
Now that you know the key equation for online success, go and generate traffic. Write articles, do pay-per-click, forum marketing, classified ads and YouTube marketing to get traffic. Always work to convert more of your visitors. Keep raising the bar until your marketing machine goes into overdrive. If you follow this formula for success, by keeping it simple, you will see online success!
Fabian Tan is a well-known Internet Marketing expert and the author of the popular 51-page Report:
"Murder Your Job: How To Build Cash Sucking Autopilot Businesses In 30 Days Or Less!"
Head over to http://www.MurderYourJob.com to get your FREE copy now!
Also, quickly download his FREE "Explosive Traffic System" report that shows you how to generate 10,000+ visitors per month at no cost! => http://www.ExplosiveTrafficSystem.com
Should Non-Internet Entrepreneurs Give Advice to New Online Businesses?
Business is Business right? If you have an MBA you can run any business right? Wrong and let me tell you why. There are many folks who are quite good at making money on the Internet but the truth is only about 1-3% of the Internet Sites out there that sell stuff ever make any money or even pay for their site development.
Not long ago someone who knew of all my past business experience as an entrepreneur asked if I might review their business plan for an online business they were starting. Knowing that there is a big difference between real businesses and Internet businesses, I declined and stated;
I am not sure my feedback is relevant to any sort of online business models, websites which are used for generating money, that really is not my thing, I wouldn't want to give advice on that subject, I do not know anything about it to be reliable in my opinion. Yes, perhaps more than the average guy on the street, but there are super stars in that type of business who really know how to generate money online.
Why this stance you ask? Simple really, you see mostly, I am troubled by all the abuse, trickery, tactics and scammers out there online. It makes me very angry they ruining of the Internet. I believe that the Internet is the single greatest communication device ever created in the history of mankind.
I do not believe scam artists and hype selling of trinkets should even use this venue. I certainly hope this article is of interest and that is has propelled thought. The goal is simple; to help you in your quest to be the best in 2007. I thank you for reading my many articles on diverse subjects, which interest you.
"Lance Winslow" - Online Think Tank forum board. If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/. Lance is a guest writer for Our Spokane Magazine in Spokane, Washington
Marketing an Online Survey
Technology plays a big role in our life. It has been a big part of the business world nowadays. Marketing an Online Business has been a difficult and challenging to the business world, yet to most effective because of its wide range of access. A successful business must make use of the website to optimize the search engine tools. In order to optimize the tools to be effective in marketing we can connect with people with the use of engine tools where we can directly connect with people to know their specific wants. We can also use relevant links in order for the marketing to be effective.
The success of Marketing an Online Business is important. Making a site that is suitable to the right people and relatively easy that the goal is to achieve on repeat visits on the site. The keyword is very important to a site because it also lies the ranking of the site. The more relevant links on the site can also help achieve the goal of success.
What are the essential part of Marketing an Online business:
*Product and Services
It is very important for the people to know and understand the product and the services offered online. The clear vision of goal and understanding of if it uniqueness and distinction to other product is more likely to have more clients.
*Presentation of the site
The presentation of the site is very important depending on the kind of people you want to visit the site. The more you know and understand the clients you want to get, the easier it is to present your website.
*Kind of Clients
Presentation of the site and the kind of clients goes hand in hand. If you want to be effective in business, the kind of client you want to attract on the business you have is very essential. The success of the business lies on the hands of the clients. One reason that we have to focus on the their needs and wants. More satisfied clients means more profit.
*The search engine tools used
To do Marketing an Online Business, it is should be user-friendly site. Optimize the site to maximize the clients. Use any possible means to communicate, connect and reach out through the needs of the people through internet.
Carmel G. Dolendo, link builder of AgentsOfValue who works in a team of people dedicated in giving the best service online. One that has the passion to connect with people and serve.
